奥林匹克运动会“圣火“的由来

The origin of the Olympic Sacred Flame 李悦（译）

　　奥运圣火首次出现是在1928年的阿姆斯特丹奥运会。毫无疑问是顾拜旦提出了这一想法，当时仅限于在体育场附近的一个喷泉盛水盘上点燃圣火。这一新事物在那个时候确实没有引起人们的关注，媒体对此的评论也只是寥寥数语。

　　The Olympic sacred flame first appeared in the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. No doubt it was Coubertin who came up with this idea. At that time it was lit on a fountain which near the stadium. This new thing failed to attract people’s attention then and Medias also didn’t care much about it.

　　德国人卡尔·迪姆却对此很感兴趣。他曾参加过1896年雅典奥运会和1912年斯德哥尔摩奥运会的赛跑比赛，他本人不但是历史学家和古希腊语学者，也是德国奥林匹克委员会委员，后来还担任过柏林奥运会组委会秘书长。

　　However, Karl Dimu, a German, was very interested in it. He had participated in the 1896 Athens Olympic Games and the 1912 Stockholm Olympics race competition. He was not only the historian and scholar of ancient Greek language but also a member of German Olympic Committee. Later, he served as the Secretary-General at Organizing Committee for the Berlin Olympic Games.

　　从1934年起，顾拜旦和他的同僚们都表示赞成在奥林匹亚举行一个预备性仪式。更让人感到满意的是，他们采纳了迪姆的想法，将在此点燃的奥运圣火通过经特别挑选的使者们传递到柏林。

　　Since 1934, Coubertin and his companions were in favor of holding a preparatory ceremony in Olympia. What’s more, they accepted Dimu’s idea which was that the Olympic Sacred Flame could light there and passed to Berlin by the selected heralds.

　　1935年6月，德国用5种不同语言向世界公布，奥运火炬行程达3050公里，穿越了7个国家。共有3361人参加了火炬传递。第一名传递火炬的是希腊人康斯坦丁·孔季利斯，而最后一名则是德国1500米赛跑运动员弗里茨·席尔根。在火炬传递期间，各种庆祝活动数不胜数。圣火在进入德国的时候，迎接它的人多达两万。奥运圣火由此延续了下来。

　　By June 1935，Germany publicized to the whole world through five different languages that the Olympic torch walked 3050 km, crossing seven countries and 3361 people took part in the torch relay. The first torchbearer was Achaean Constantine Kondylis, the last one was Germanic Fritz Schilgen, who was an athlete of 1,500 meter race. During the torch relay, all kinds of celebrations took place. The sacred flame welcomed by more than 20 thousand people when it entered Germany. Thus, the Olympic torch has been continued until now.

奥林匹克火炬介绍

A brief introduction of the Olympic Torch 张瑜(译)

　　奥林匹克火炬是国际奥委会批准的、用于奥林匹克圣火燃烧的、可手持的火炬。也就是说奥林匹克火炬是奥林匹克圣火的载体。从1936年的第11届奥运会开始，每届奥运会都会诞生一支体现主办国际文化特色符合高科技要求的火炬并成为奥林匹克运动的重要遗产。

The Olympic Torch, which is approved by the International Olympic Committee, is used to light the Olympic flame. That is to say, it is the carrier of the Olympic Flame. Since the 11th Olympic Games in 1936, each Olympic Game has born an Olympic Torch which boasts strong characteristics of the host country with high technology and unique design. It becomes one of the most important inheritances of the Olympic Games.

北京奥运火炬的介绍

Key facts about Beijing Olympic Torch

　　北京奥运会火炬长72厘米，重985克，燃烧时间15分钟，零风速下火焰高度25至30厘米，在强光和日光情况下均可识别和拍摄。在工艺方面使用锥体曲面异型一次成型技术和铝材腐蚀、着色技术。燃料为丙烷，符合环保要求。火炬外形制作材料为可回收的环保材料。

The Beijing Olympic Torch is 72 centimeters high, weighs 985 grams. A torch can usually keep burning for approximately 15 minutes in conditions where the flame is 25 to 30 centimeters high in a windless environment. The flame can be identified and photographed in sunshine and areas of extreme brightness. The torch is of a curved surface form, with etching and anodizing being used during its production. The fuel is propane which is in accordance with environmental guidelines. The material of its form is recyclable.

北京奥运会火炬艺术和技术特色

The artistic and technical features of Beijing Olympic Torch

　　北京奥运火炬创意灵感来自”渊源共生，和谐共融”的”祥云”图案，通过”天地自然，人本内在，宽容豁达”的东方精神，借祥云之势，传播祥和文化，传递东方文明。”祥云”火炬的主题元素包括代表中国四大发明的纸，作为华夏文化符号象征的云纹，承载千年中国印象的漆红。祥云的文化概念在中国具有上千年的时间跨度，是具有代表性的中国文化符号。

　　火炬造型的设计灵感来自中国传统的纸卷轴。纸是中国四大发明之一，通过丝绸之路传到西方。人类文明随着纸的出现得以传播。源于汉代的漆红色在火炬上的运用使之明显区别于往届奥运会火炬设计，红银对比的色彩产生醒目的视觉效果，有利于各种形式的媒体传播。火炬上下比例均匀分割，祥云图案和立体浮雕式的工艺设计使整个火炬高雅华丽、内涵厚重。

The inspiration of the Beijing Olympic Torch originates from the lucky clouds, which demonstrates the idea of friendship and harmony. The Torch really expresses the Eastern spirit of keeping friendly and harmonious relationship with the nature. What’s more, it mainly represents the artistic and technical level of China through the paper stroll (we spread the culture of harmony and pass oriental civilization by the lucky clouds.)The theme of the lucky clouds include the paper-one of the four famous inventions in of China, and brought to the Western countries by Silk Road, through the lucky clouds graphic-the symbol of Chinese culture for approximately one thousand years and the red paint-the well-known representative color of China, which causes a marked difference between the Beijing Olympic Torch and all the others. Moreover, the contrast color, red and silver, is very eye-catching and attracts a number of media. The torch is divided into two equal parts: the upper part is painted with lucky clouds while the lower is pure red with unique and artistic design.

古代奥运会火炬接力

The torch relay of ancient Olympic 刘倩（译）

起源

The Origin

　　 火，在人类的生活中火一直扮演着重要的角色。掌握对火的使用，是人类历史上取得的重要进步。在世界众多民族的信仰之中，都有关于对火崇拜的内容。以古希腊人为例，他们认为火在世界上的出现，源自普罗米修斯的神话。火的起源使之成为神圣的元素。希腊人在主神庙前燃烧着永不熄灭的圣火。火种采集的方式是圣火纯洁性的重要保证。圣火是通过一个叫skaphia 的半圆形凹面镜将阳光集中采集而成的。（凹面镜也在今天被用于奥林匹克圣火的采集。）

　　Fire has play an important role in human life .Being able to use fire was a big progress in human history. In numerous religions all over the world, fire was considered as one of the source of worship.

　　Take ancient Greek for example; the Greek believed that the appearance of the fire in the world was derived from the myth of Prometheus.

　　The origin of fire made it a sacred element. Greek kept the Flame ever-burning in front of Pantheon. The way to light ensured the purity of the Flame. The Flame was lit from the sun’s rays with the help of a concave mirror called skaphia (nowadays we also use a concave mirror to light Olympic Flame.)

在奥林匹亚采集的圣火

The Flame light in Olympia

　　在古代奥林匹克运动会举办地–奥林匹亚，圣火一直在赫斯提女神（希腊神话中的女灶神）祭坛前的城市公共会堂中静静地燃烧。这里的圣火同样是通过使用凹面镜汇聚阳光采集而成，它还被作为火种去点燃其他神圣场所的圣火。

　　In Olympia (the host city of the ancient Olympic Games), the Flame which was also lit from the sun’s rays with the help of a concave mirror, is burning silently in the city public auditorium and kindled the rest of Sacred Flame in other Sacred Sites.

　　古希腊人也会在宙斯和赫拉神庙前举行圣火采集仪式，以显示对神的敬意，并在仪式上向诸神献上祭品。今天，当年的神庙已经不复存在，但是现代奥运会火炬接力的取火仪式依然按照古代的传统予以延续。

　　Ancient Greek also held Flame-lighting ceremony in front of the Temple of Hera and Zeus to show honor to the God with respect. Now these Temples no longer existed, but torch-lighting ceremony still continued as a tradition via Olympic torch relay.

古代的火炬接力

Ancient torch relay

　　在雅典，古希腊人会组织手持火炬的跑步比赛，以表示对特定神灵的尊敬，其中就包括普罗米修斯。这种比赛被视为是对普罗米修斯为人类盗取火种，同时向人类传授智慧和知识的纪念。运动员手持火炬参加比赛，第一个到达神庙的选手将获得点燃祭坛圣火的荣誉。

　　In Athens, ancient Greek holds the torch to take part in race to honor Gods including Prometheus who stole fire and brought wisdom and knowledge to humankind. Athletes participated in the race with a torch in hand and the first one who arrive Temple had an honor to ignited Sacred Flame.

神圣休战的消息传递

Olympic Truce

　　古代的泛希腊奥运会从来没有组织过火炬接力或手持火炬赛跑。但是在正式比赛开始之前，头戴橄榄枝环的传令兵在各城邦之间奔走相告运动会正式开始的准确时间。他们邀请各城邦的公民前往奥林匹亚，并宣布”神圣休战”的开始。”神圣休战”是指各城邦有义务在运动会举办期间暂停一切战争，这样可以使各地的运动员和观众安全的抵达奥林匹亚。

　　Ancient Greek had never organized the torch relay or torchbearer race. However, before the official opening of the Games, batmen worn olive branch run among the cities and told each other the precise time of the Games. They invited citizens to Olympia and declared the Olympic Truce in which every city was obligated to quit wars during the period of Games. Thus athletes and spectators were able to arrive in Olympia safely.

今天的奥林匹克圣火和奥运会火炬接力

The Flame of Modern Olympic and Torch Relay

　　在现代奥运会中，奥林匹克圣火是人类价值的重要象征，也是人类与火息息相关的重要表现。正如当年宣布”神圣休战”的传令兵，今天的火炬手，手持奥运会火炬，传递奥林匹克圣火，鼓励全世界为了奥运会放下武器。选择奥林匹亚作为奥运会火炬接力取火仪式的举办地，象征着古代奥运会和现代奥运会之间紧密连接，并强调两者共有的深远意义。

　　In Modern Olympic Games, the Olympic Flame is not only the important symbol of human value but also the important representation which human was closely related to the fire. As the ancient batmen declaring Olympic Truce, today’s torchbearers handed over the Olympic Flame to encourage people all over the world to lay down arms. Olympic torch relay started from Olympia, which symbolize the close ties and profound significance between old Olympic Games and modern Olympic Games.

　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　If I Rest, I Rust Orison Marden

　　The significant inscription¹⁾ found on an old key—–”If I rest, I rust”—–would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted²⁾ with the slightest bit of idleness. Even the most industrious person might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that, if one allows his faculties³⁾ to rest, like the iron in the unused key, they will soon show signs of rust and, ultimately, can’t do the work required of them.

　　Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gates that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture—-every department of human endeavor⁴⁾.

　　Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasury of achievement. If Hugh Miller, after toiling⁵⁾ all day in a quarry⁶⁾, had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist. The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness. Had the little Scotch lad, Ferguson, allowed the busy brain to go to sleep while he tended sheep on the hillside, instead of calculating the position of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer.

　　Labor vanquishes⁷⁾ all—-not inconstant, spasmodic⁸⁾, or ill-directed labor; but faithful, unremitting⁹⁾, daily effort toward a well-directed purpose. Just as truly as eternal vigilance¹⁰⁾ is the price of liberty, so is eternal industry the price of noble and enduring success.

[Annotation:]

• 1) inscription n. 题字
• 2) afflict vt. 折磨
• 3) faculty n. 才能
• 4) endeavor vi. 努力
• 5) toil vi. 苦干
• 6) quarry n. 采石场
• 7) vanquish vt. 征服，击败
• 8) spasmodic adj. 间歇性的
• 9) unremitting adj. 不懈的
• 10) vigilance n. 警惕

　　　　　　　　　　　　如果我休息,我就会生锈

　　在一把旧钥匙上发现了一则意味深远的铭文–如果我休息，我就会生锈。对于那些为懒散而苦恼的人来说，这将是至理名言。甚至最为勤勉的人也可以此为警示；如果一个人有才而不用，就像废弃钥匙的铁一样，这些才能很快就会生锈，并最终无法完成安排给自己的工作。

　　有些人想取得伟人所获得并保持的成就，他们就必须通过不断运用自身才能，以便开启知识的大门，即那些通过人类努力探求的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种职业：科学、艺术、文学、农业等。

　　勤奋使开启成功宝库的钥匙保持亮光。休·米勒如果在采石厂劳作一天后，晚上的时光用来休息消遣的话，他就不会成为名垂青史的地质学家。著名数学家爱德蒙·斯通如果闲暇时无所事事，就不会出版数学词典，也不会发现开启数学之门的钥匙。如果苏格兰青年弗格森在山坡上放羊时，让自己那思维活跃的大脑处于休息状态，而不是借助一串珠子计算星星的位置，他就不会成为著名的天文学家。

　　劳动征服一切。这里所指的劳动不是断断续续的，间歇性的或方向偏差的劳动，而是坚定的、不懈的、方向正确的每日劳动。正如要想拥有自由就必须时刻警惕一样，要想取得伟大的、持久的成功，就必须要坚持不懈的努力。

　　　　　　　　　　　　The Road to Success 　Andrew Carnegie

　　It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate¹⁾ positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust²⁾ upon them at the very threshold³⁾ of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors⁴⁾ and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary⁵⁾ branch of a business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself.

　　Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “aim high”. I would not give a fig for⁶⁾ the young man who does not already see himself the partner or the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself, “My place is at the top.” Be king in your dreams.

　　And here is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to fight it out on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have the best machinery, and know the most about it.

　　The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, or that, or the other, here, there, and everywhere. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” is all wrong. I tell you “put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket.” Look round you and take notice, men who do that not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets that breaks most eggs in this country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tumble⁷⁾ and trip him up⁸⁾. One fault of the American businessman is lack of concentration.

　　To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; never speculate⁹⁾; never indorse¹⁰⁾ beyond your surplus cash fund; make the firm’s interest yours; break orders always to save owners; concentrate; put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; expenditure¹¹⁾ always within revenue; lastly, be not impatient, for as Emerson says, “No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.”

[Annotation:]

• 1) subordinate adj. 从属的，下级的
• 2) thrust vt. 强加
• 3) threshold n. 开始，开端
• 4) janitor n. 大楼管理员，清洁工
• 5) salutary adj. 有益的
• 6) not give a fig for sth: （对某事）好不在乎
• 7) tumble vi. 翻倒，摔倒
• 8) trip up: 绊倒，使失败
• 9) speculate vi. 投机
• 10) indorse vi. （支票等的）背书
• 11) expenditure n. 花费，支出

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　成功之道

　　年轻人创业之初，应该从最底层干起，这是好事。匹兹堡有很多商业巨头，在他们创业之初，有肩负过”重任”：他们于扫帚相伴，以打扫办公室的方式度过了他们商业生涯中最初的时光。我注意到我们现在办公室里都有工友，于是年轻人就不幸错过了商业教育中这个有益的环节。如果碰巧哪天上午，专职扫地的工友没有来，某个具有未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地试着拿起扫帚。在必要时新来的员工扫扫地也无妨，不会因此而有什么损失。我自己就曾经扫过地。

　　假如你已经被录用，并且有了一个良好的开端，我对你的建议是：要志存高远。一个年轻人，如果不把自己想象成一家大公司未来的老板或是合伙人，那我会对他不屑一顾。不论职位有多高，你的内心都不要满足于做一个总管、领班或者总经理。要对自己说：我要迈向顶尖！要做就做你梦想中的国王！

　　成功的首要条件和最大秘诀就是：把你的精力、思想和资本全都集中在你正从事的事业上。一旦开始从事某种职业，就有下定决心在那一领域闯出一片天地来；做这一行的领导人物，采纳每一点改进之处，采用最优良的设备，对专业知识熟谙于心。

　　一些公司的失败就在于他们分散了资金，因为这就意味着分散了他们的精力。他们向这方面投资，又向那方面投资；在这里投资，在那里投资，到处都投资。”不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”的说法大错特错。我要对你说：”把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，然后小心地看好那个篮子。”看看你周围，你会注意到：这么做的人其实很少失败。看管和携带一个篮子并不太难。人们总是试图提很多篮子，所以才打破这个国家的大部分鸡蛋。提三个篮子的人，必须把一个顶在头上，而这个篮子很可能倒下来，把他自己绊倒。美国商人的一个缺点就是不够专注。

　　把我的话归纳一下：要志存高远；不要出入酒吧；要滴酒不沾，或者喝也只在用餐时喝少许；不要做投机买卖；不要寅吃卯粮；要把公司的利益当作自己的利益；取消订货的目的永远是为了挽救货主；要专注；把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，然后小心地看好它；要量入为出；最后，要有耐心，正如爱默生所言，”谁都无法阻止你最终成功，除非你承认自己失败。”

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Youth Samuel Ullman

　　Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple¹⁾ knees; it is a matter of will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.

　　Youth means a temperamental²⁾ predominance³⁾ of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting⁴⁾ our ideals.

　　Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.

　　Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: So long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite⁵⁾, so long as you are young.

　　When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism⁶⁾ and the ice of pessimism, then you are grow old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80.

[Annotation:]

1）supple adj. 柔软的

2）temperamental adj. 由气质引起的

3）predominance n. 优势

4) desert vt. 抛弃

5) the Infinite上帝

6) cynicism n. 玩世不恭

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　青春

　　青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志、恢弘的想象、炙热的感情；青春是生命的深泉在涌动。

　　青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十年后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。

　　岁月悠悠，衰弱只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。

　　无论年届花甲，抑或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。

　　一旦天线倒塌，锐气使冰雪覆盖、玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即使年方二八，实已垂垂老矣，然则只要竖起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。

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